![]() Even though it was buried about 21,300 years ago, it still consists of tissue and hair. This was the first mummified mammoth remains found in North America. The father of one of the authors was part of a gold mining operation that discovered a wooly mammoth calf (nicknamed Effie) in Alaska. Amber is the fossilized tree resin that can trap flowers, worms, insects, and small amphibians and mammals. Unaltered fossils are rare except as captured in amber, trapped in tar, dried out, or frozen as a preserved wooly mammoth. You already learned about trace fossils in Chapter 4. Fossils are preserved by three main methods: unaltered soft or hard parts, altered hard parts, and trace fossils. Taphonomy is the branch of paleontology that focuses on the fossilization process.
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